Naturally both commands have gui front ends (gnome-system-monitor does both), but what do you do when you have a headless server? Or what about when you are logging in remotely and you can’t tunnel X? In those instances you will want to be able to get this information via the command line. And Linux has the tools for you.

Free

The free command displays the amount of free and used physical and swap memory on your system. Free has a limited number of switches to use which makes the command even simpler to use. The switches are:

-b Displays the output in bytes

-k Displays the output in kilobytes (this is the default action)

-t Adds a line at the bottom which contains the totals

-m Displays the output in megabytes

And that’s it.

When you run free the output will look like:

total ? ? ? used ? ?? free ?? shared ? buffers? cached
Mem: ? ? ? ??? 884 ? ?? ? 862??????? 22???????? 0?????? 289 ? ? 127
-/+ buffers/cache: ? ? ?? 445 ? ? ? 439
Swap: ? ????? 3992 ? ? ? ?? 0 ? ?? 3992


So you can see the total (in megabytes) memory being 884 and the free being 22. Depending upon your setup and what you have running you might think free is wrong. One thing you have to keep in mind is the buffers and cached memory are actually still available so in the above example the total used memory does include both the buffer and the cached memory. So often there is more memory available for application use than you would think. This gets very confusing because the used memory listing includes memory used by the kernel that may or may not be used for various modules (such as networking, sound, etc). There is another issue confusing memory usage. Since a vast number of Linux applications share libraries (like libc) those libraries could already be in memory when you launch an application. Huh? Let’s try a simple explanation.

You have Application A and Application B that both use Library 1. Application A reports it uses 25 MB of memory to run and Application uses 25 MB of memory to run. But Library 1 takes up 5 MB of memory to run. If Application A is already running that means Library 1 is already running so you can subtract the Library memory from the total of Application B.

So you can see how complex memory usage is for Linux. Which is why you want to also check out the command top.

Top

The top command diplays running Linux tasks. The information it offers is:

• PID – Process ID
• USER – The user who ran the command
• NI – The nice level of the process
• VIRT – Virtual memory the process is using
• RES – Resident (non virtual) size of memory
• SHR – The amount of shared memory a task is using
• S – Process status
• %CPU – The percentage of the CPU the process uses
• %MEM – The percentage of memory the process uses

So you can see there is plenty of information to be had from top. The point is, between the two applications you can summize the amount of memory being used at any given time.

Gnome System Monitor

GNOME System Monitor

As I said earlier, there are gui tools for this tasks. One of those tasks is gnome-system-monitor. It gives you every bit of information you need, and does so in a much more easy to use/read format. When you open up this tool you will see, after a bit of poking around, it gets its information with a little help from both free and top. Take a look at this application to see just how well the information is used and displayed.

The image to the left highlights the resource listing tab of gnome-system-monitor.

Final Thoughts

It’s pretty easy to see how complex monitoring memory can be with Linux. Fortunately there are plenty of tools to aid in you in this task. Although it’s not always easy to get a cut and dry snapshot of what memory you have available, you can get good idea of where your memory is.

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Expensive software like Illustrator appears to make editing vectors simply unaffordable. Fortunately, this is untrue! Inkscape is a free, open-source and cross-platform vector editor. Whilst it will no doubt lack behind Illustrator in certain aspects, in my opinion it suffices the requirements of any non-professional graphic designer. Inkscape, for example, cannot utilise gradient meshes or have multiple strokes, or fills, for one object. Yet, it has much better support for the SVG format (utilised by Wikipedia) and beats Illustrator on several minor usability issues (Inkscape, for example, allows anchor points to be edited with a keyboard). Key features, such as the ability to trace bitmaps, are also included.

Inkscape’s interface, like that of most graphics programs, is quite complex but I find myself being able to adopt to its much quicker than I adapted from PSP to Photoshop.

There are a few issues with Inkscape. The version for OS X requires X11 to be upgraded and several work-arounds to be implemented prior to it functioning and the upgrade to OS X 10.5.2 prevented Inkscape from working without further updates to X11. It appears to function much better under Linux and Windows.

Inkscape serves the needs of any home user and is such a substantial saving, of both disk space (being about 100MB big) and money, it can make Illustrator nearly useless for such customers. Its support for SVGs is also useful, as Firefox can open some SVGs meaning the recipient of a file Inkscape produces often does not need Inkscape to view the file as a vector.

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Wildfire Games are independent game developers who have been around for nearly a decade now. Their sole completed project has been a mod for Age of Empires II called “Rome at War” which successful enough to be featured on the cover discs of several PC Gaming magazines back in 2001.

This success led them to begin work on a whole new project… a real strategy game created from scratch. A dedicated team of around 40 international programmers, designers and researchers have been working fairly consistently to create what may be the first freely available real time strategy game which can be compared to commercial titles.

The project is called 0AD and will be released in two parts. Don’t expect to see it any time soon, however development is consistent and progressing. What has been achieved so far is a credit to the team and their talent considering the limited resources.

Here are some screenshots.

A few months ago I contacted Jason Bishop, the Project Leader behind 0AD and asked him a few questions about the project:

I think the most obvious thing everyone wants to know, is exactly what is the current state of 0AD. Is it in a playable state?

It is playable, though we are still working to include a few remaining features. We are working towards Alpha, at which point we have decided that the game is at a state that it could be tested in a closed invitation format.

What period of time are we looking at before we see a beta, or even an alpha release of the game?

We have two new programs that we are initiating this summer that will effect this answer. Depending on the level of success, we should be able to answer this question better for you by fall. At this point WFG is not prepared to commit to a release date for Beta.

Wildfire Games started in 2001 sometime, has it been hard maintaining focus, progress and a schedule over the years?

Very difficult. During such a great period of time with a voluntary staff you see new faces come and old faces go. The baton must be passed and it needs to be done as seamlessly as possible. The old hands on the project are no longer high school and college students and their time and schedule has been changed since they first started due to jobs, and higher education.

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Freecycle is the website for the Freecycle Network, which is made up of 4,342 groups with 4,921,000 members across the globe. The purpose of this network is that if you have something to give, there’s someone out there who wants it. The catch is that it has to be given for free.

How do you join? You start by finding a Freecycle group that’s close to your home. Then, you can join and post about whatever it is you want to give away. If you find an item you like and would want, you simply mail the owner and tell him you’re interested. It’s first come first serve so be quick.

So, is Freecycle worth it? I’d say yes. There’s plenty of things to be found in these groups and the idea itself is quite philanthropic. It’s not perfect though. There are no guarantees about the merchandise you get. Plus, you usually have to make your own arrangements to pick up the item.

I’m a member at my local Freecycle group and I’ve scored a good deal or two. In one case, I met up with the owner close to my house to collect my item. Overall, I’d say give this network a try. After all, you never know what you might find.

What is your opinion on Freecycle? Are you a member of this group? Do you think this idea is worth exploring? What other similar sites have you come across? Do let me know.

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They have some pretty useful stuff, all of them are “micro programs” designed for one specific use. They have a great text replacement utility for example, called Texter, which replaces abbreviated text, with the full one. You can use it to substitute “gH” with gHacks for example, or “sig” with your full signature.

Swept away is another good idea, it minimizes windows after a specified time when they loose focus. This means that if you have Photoshop always open (like I do), but only use it every hour or so, it will minimize itself. This is great for me, since it removes clutter from my desktop and enables me to actually work.

The post also points you to their great Greasmonkey compilation Firefox extensions like Better Gmail, Better Flickr and Better Youtube, all of which give you added functionality for these web applications. Better Gmail allows you integrate Google Reader for example, or change macros, and other cool features.

Overall, Lifehacker has produced some highly specialized, but quite usable and helpful applications. They are all free to use, so go nuts.

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With the advent of online radio, a whole host of recording software has emerged too. You can find both free and paid programs depending on personal choice and if you are willing to pay for it. However, one major drawback with a lot of these options is that you cannot schedule recordings with them. This means that if you are not at your computer while a show is playing, you will not be able to listen to it later. This is especially important if you enjoy listening to concert recordings.

If you are on Windows, there is a way to overcome this disadvantage. Minezone posted a very detailed account of how to schedule recordings in online radio using a bunch of free tools. His main preferences are wget and Mplayer.

The instructions are pretty easy to follow. At first glance, the command line options might give you Windows users a fright but you get used to it soon enough. Besides, most of the hard stuff can be copied and pasted directly. Another plus is that the recording can be done in the background. In addition, you can schedule multiple recordings for the same time.

I don’t know how many of y’all will use this on a regular basis. I think it’s a good idea to keep this in mind. After all, you never know when you might need it.

I have to admit that these steps appear a bit complicated. If you know of any other program that does the same job, drop me a line.

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Doodlekit is a website builder/maintainer. The reason I like it so much is that it really does give you a lot of tools. It doesn’t just throw a template at you, allow you to upload pics and walk off and job well done. The free version will give you full W3C compliance (valid HTML and CSS), interchangeable templates, statistics, photo albums, sub-page management, blogs, searches and CSS override features, for budding web designers.

It also does this in style, cute graphics and a friendly tone will at least cheer you up. They provide a wealth of info, even before you sign up, and although I haven’t gone as far as trying the paid service, they seem like a friendly bunch of people over there, trying to give you the best service they can. If you want the paid version, they give you a lot of extras.

Prices range from $15 to $50 a month and features are domain registration, more subpages allowed (up to unlimited), search engine optimization, form builders, email forwarding, adsense tools, user registration, shopping carts, erc.

In my opinion some of these features while great, can also be found in the web hosting package. My own website is registered through Bluehost, and they have email forwarding, user registration, shopping carts, adsense tools, and a lot, lot more. If you want to compare Doodlekit packages, take a look at their comparison page.

I would say this application is only suited well for anyone wanting a simple website, or a one click quick solution, but it isn’t geared toward pro businesses, or even just simple professional pages, ones that need a lot of flexibility. If you find the features useful though, I’m sure you will be happy with this (finally) quality website builder.

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As we all know, Google Calendar has the option to send free SMS reminders of tasks. Now all you need is to set up a calendar for your significant other using your own phone as a reminder, and one for yourself, with his/her phone number. Set the default reminder to SMS, for 5 minutes before the event takes place

Now if you want to send her an SMS, just create an event, and write the text as the “What” text. Set the event about 10 minutes ahead to be safe, and save. Sadly only 60 characters will be shown in the SMS, but this is still enough for a quick message. You can create events 1 minute apart and have 3 events span a single SMS if you want. You will have a “reminder” sent to your partner, quickly and for free!

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It should also be noted that there is a difference in quality. Human readers are of course capable of narrating the story in a higher quality than a computer reader can ever achieve. The following websites offer high quality Audiobooks that can be downloaded for free to your computer. I try to list some of the most remarkable books from those sites next to the link to give you an impression about the content that they offer:

Thought Audio – good collection of mostly classic novels such as Metamorphosis from Kafka and Thus Spoke Zarathustra from Nietzsche.
Free Classic Audiobooks – offers Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll and Treasure Island by Stevenson.
Pink Geek Audio – If you like Sherlock Holmes you have come to the right place. Has a large concentration of Sherlock Holmes books.
Simply Audiobooks – The Waste Land by Eliot and The Art of War by Sun Tzu. Just some books but good quality.
Podiobooks – Podiobooks are serialized Audiobooks that are offered in Podcast format. You won’t find classic books here but only books from unknown authors.
Voices in the Dark – Large collection of Audiobooks from authors such as H.G. Wells and Edgar Allen Poe.

Do you know more sources for free Audiobooks that are read by humans ? Let me know, always looking for more.

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Echoes is freeware of course and has a size of about 8 megabytes packed. You can run it from any location. Once started you move your spaceship with the mouse and use the ASDW keys to point the gun in one of the four directions available. The first waves of asteroids are no problem and some leave power ups behind that replenish shields and add guns to the spaceship.

Echoes is probably not as addictive as Mono – nothing beats Mono, you know – but it comes pretty close. It has nice visuals, a good smooth gameplay and action that changes and gets faster with every asteroid that gets destroyed. Take a look, you will enjoy it.

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The site itself is pretty resource intensive and takes some time to load, even on my broadband connection. I suggest to turn of the music once you are there unless you really like the atmospheric sounds that play in the background.

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I would advise to begin by downloading the excellent user manual which should answer most questions about installing and configuring guest systems using Virtualbox. It takes some time to read through the 108 pages of the manual but it is well worth it to understand the functionality.

Just download the 10 megabyte file from the VirtualBox website or as a torrent and install the software. Installation is really easy in Windows (just a double-click) but a little bit more complicated in Linux. Check the user manual for a detailed instruction for Linux.

I do not want to explain a detailed instruction to setup a new guest system because the user manual explains everything in such great detail that it does not feel necessary at all. You basically create a new virtual machine and assign a name, ram and hard drive space to it and select a source for the installation of the guest system. The source can be from hard drive or cd for instance, just make sure you have the source at hand.

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Your first task in the new world was to create some flourishing towns that would produce goods that you could sell in Europe. Many people left Europe at this time and this is also reflected in the game. You can load the ships with craftsmen, convicts or priests and use them in the new world. All colonialists were able to gain experience which had the result that they would for instance produce more goods for you.

It was possible to live peacefully with the Indians trying to convert them to your faith in the process which would add some Indian converts to your people. Indians on the other hand had treasures and it was another tactic to fight with them to gain access to those treasures.

It was essential to conquer areas that would supply your colony with the needed resources. The only other way to get those resources would be to pay a lot of money in Europe for them. You had the chance to recruit a famous celebrity from time to time who would add some special features like faster ships or better production to your colony.

Looks and plays great already, requires Java.

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Exercises are divided into four categories, namely Free Weights, Machines, Core Strength and Swiss Ball. Every category contains several movies which are sorted by description, rating and movie size. Exercises are rated starting with exercises for beginners to exercises for advanced+ users. It is always recommended to use those movies with greatest care and ask a professional trainer if problems arise.

A quick look at the Swiss Ball category displays all the movies that are listed in it. It starts with the movie that explains how to select the correct Swiss Ball for the exercises and ends with the very, very advanced free squat on ball movie.

You actually do not need an iPod to use the videos. A video player such as VLC is also able to play the movies. You could also convert them into a different format if you use another video player that uses different formats.

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The ultimate goal of the game is to pile up enough enemies in the level to be able to exit the box that you are in. Every now and then you enter certain bonus stages to earn extra points. The game looks and plays great. It is fast paced and lots of fun.

found: freewaregenius

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Beware the black creatures that clear of every other color on your blob. You need to cleanse the blob with water before you can absorb new colors. The main goal of the game is to paint the 17 landmark buildings but you could also try and collect all 50 coins which are scattered throughout the level.

There is no real story and the only one level but the game is still worth the download. It is fun and could be a nice game for children as well.

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All music available at Jamendo was released under Creative Commons which means that you may download, remix and share the music freely without the fear of being sued. Jamendo offers a tag cloud which can be used for navigation which seems to have roughly 100 different genres from 17sonrecord to zen. The most popular ones seem to be electronica and rock. Alternatively you may navigate Jamendo by artists or albums.

I think it is pretty nice that all albums have cover art and a genre connected to them. Clicking on an album loads a website filled with information and options. You may listen online to all the tracks (mp3 or ogg), download the full album using bittorrent or emule, spread the album using your website, write and read reviews, buy the album from the artist, donate to the artist, find out about similar artists and rate the album.

You may create podcasts or m3u (winamp playlists) while listening to one or more of the tracks of a certain album. Online quality of the songs is not that great but sufficient for judging the song. Downloads are encoded with roughly 200 Kbps (mp3) and 300 Kbps (ogg).

Jamendo rocks. Oh, you will have to create an account before you can use most of their services. It is free, takes only a couple of seconds.

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Whenever you try to access a website you type its url into the address bar. The url is then send to the DNS server who looks up the IP for that website and sends it back to your browser to be able to make the connection to the website. To censor one would simply return no IP or a different IP that redirects to another website. (something like, no no, this is no website that you should visit, bla bla)

This means that the website that you want to access exists of course but the information on the dns server was changed to prevent access. There are two options that let you access the website. The first would be to simply enter the IP address of the website that you want to visit instead of the url. You can use scripts that are freely available on the internet to lookup the IP of an url.

This method is only working if there is only one url that is using that IP. You are out of luck if many websites are hosted on the same server. The second method which is reliable and working for all occasions helps us in this case.

If you change the DNS server that your computer is using to lookup the IP you will receive the correct result. Let us say that you life in China and that China banned access to Wikipedia. Instead of using a Chinese DNS server you use one from the United States which has the information that you need to access Wikipedia.

OpenDNS, a free service, would be one alternative as would be the following list which I have taken from freerk.com

• dns2.de.net – 194.246.96.49 (Frankfurt, Germany)
• ns1.de.eu.orsn.net – 217.146.139.5 (Hildesheim, Germany)
• resolver.netteam.de – 193.155.207.61 (Alfter-Impekoven, Germany)
• sunic.sunet.se – 192.36.125.2 (Stockholm, Sweden)
• master.ns.dns.be – 193.109.126.140 (Leuven, Belgium)
• ns1.lu.eu.orsn.net – 195.206.104.98 (Belvaux, Luxembourg)
• merapi.switch.ch – 130.59.211.10 (Zurich, Switzerland)
• prades.cesca.es – 192.94.163.152 (Barcelona, Spain)
• michael.vatican.va – 212.77.0.2 (Vatican City, Italy)
• dns.inria.fr – 193.51.208.13 (Nice, France)
• ns0.ja.net – 128.86.1.20 (London, UK)
• nic.aix.gr – 195.130.89.210 (Athens, Greece)
• ns.ati.tn – 193.95.66.10 (Tunis, Tunisia)
• ns1.relcom.ru – 193.125.152.3 (Moscow, Russia)
• trantor.umd.edu – 128.8.10.14 (College Park, MD, USA)
• ns1.berkeley.edu – 128.32.136.9 (Berkeley, CA, USA)
• merle.cira.ca – 64.26.149.98 (Ottawa, Canada)
• ns2.dns.br – 200.19.119.99 (Sao Paulo, Brasil)
• ns2.gisc.cl – 200.10.237.14 (Santiago, Chile)
• ns.uvg.edu.gt – 168.234.68.2 (Guatemala, Guatemala)
• ns1.retina.ar – 200.10.202.3 (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
• ns.unam.mx – 132.248.253.1 (Mexico City, Mexico)
• ns.wide.ad.jp – 203.178.136.63 (Osaka, Japan)
• ns.twnic.net – 192.83.166.11 (Taipei, Taiwan)
• ns3.dns.net.nz – 203.97.8.250 (Wellington, New Zealand)
• box2.aunic.net – 203.202.150.20 (Melbourne, Australia)

Changing the DNS Server is a matter of minutes. It depends on the operating system that you are using. In Windows XP you open the control panel and click on network connections. You right-click your connection and select Properties from the context menu.

Select the Internet Protocol (TCP / IP) and click on Properties in that menu. Click on use the following DNS server addresses and enter a preferred and alternate DNS server into the fields. Make sure you enter the IPs. Apply and close the menu and restart your computer. Once that is done you are using the new DNS server which should bypass the censorship.

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GRISOFT is announcing a new version of the AVG Anti-Virus Free Edition. This new 7.5 version with improved performance and full compatibility with the latest Windows Vista version is available. Users that are using AVG Free 7.1 will be provided with a specific dialog, within the next few weeks, with the opportunity to choose the right option fulfilling their needs. AVG Free 7.1 version will be discontinued on 15th of Jan 2007. 

In case that you are still looking for an antivirus solution other than AVG Free I recommend Antivir which is completely free for personal use. I have been using Antivir for some time now and have not encountered serious issues as of now. I would say that a successful solution depends more on the user behind the keys than on the antivirus program that he is using.

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This is only valid for us citizens unfortunately, everyone else will not gain the benefit and I would like to add that it is very likely that this is a limited offer. Maybe only some hundreds or even less visitors get the software for free. I really don’t know how much they will send out but I guess it is better to be fast than to be slow on this one.

My suggestion would be to give it a try, register using a email you never use normally and see if they ship the software out or not. This has been verified by an Microsoft employee to be legit. I first stumbled upon this story at jkontherun, pay him a visit if you like.

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